Best dental equipment company I have ever worked with! Great response and super helpful for any issues even years later. - 8/03/2023
Roopam Garg
I purchased Medit scanner few weeks ago . Frank and Nick have been really excellent answering my questions promptly. The scanner itself is wonderful with no back fees , customer service is top notch. The entire team works fast and helps you out. I st...read moreI purchased Medit scanner few weeks ago . Frank and Nick have been really excellent answering my questions promptly. The scanner itself is wonderful with no back fees , customer service is top notch. The entire team works fast and helps you out. I strongly recommend this scanner!read less - 6/17/2020
I purchased a Medit scanner in August and I am very happy with the scanner. I was trained on an Omnicam in dental school and used Omnicam for 4 years in my associateship. The speed and quality of the Medit scanner is comparable to a CEREC scanner but...read moreI purchased a Medit scanner in August and I am very happy with the scanner. I was trained on an Omnicam in dental school and used Omnicam for 4 years in my associateship. The speed and quality of the Medit scanner is comparable to a CEREC scanner but you can’t beat the price of the Medit! I would highly recommend this if you are a beginner or pro in digital dentistry!read less - 9/22/2020
Collin Kwasnik
will never buy any product they offer from any other company regardless of price. this team is the best and incredible. - 6/05/2022
Jeff Keh
I love my medit i-500. Cad-Ray has wonderful customer support, I can not imagine getting a scanner from anyone else. Armen and Frank are great! Thanks again. Will recommend cad-ray to all my friends. - 6/16/2020
Ray Voller
There’s nothing like a company with top notch support like Cadray! Frank DeLuca is one of THE most helpful, non- condescending people I’ve ever dealt with! He ALWAYS strives to make us the BEST we can be and almost immediately helps us with any quest...read moreThere’s nothing like a company with top notch support like Cadray! Frank DeLuca is one of THE most helpful, non- condescending people I’ve ever dealt with! He ALWAYS strives to make us the BEST we can be and almost immediately helps us with any questions or problems ( which are minimal with the i700!) HIGHLY recommend this company and their scanner!!read less - 10/06/2022
Jennifer Ebner
After using the medit i500 scanner at an office as an employee, I purchased it from Cad-ray,com specifically because of their good reviews and their large, concise training library of videos. I've used CEREC as an instructor at a dental school and bo...read moreAfter using the medit i500 scanner at an office as an employee, I purchased it from Cad-ray,com specifically because of their good reviews and their large, concise training library of videos. I've used CEREC as an instructor at a dental school and bought a used Planscan, Planmill for my private office. Both were hard to learn and the fees and cost associated with training were a bitter pill to swallow after the costs to purchase. The ease of seating restoration was instant. The scanning learning curve is quick. I have easily added occlusal guard scanning, and implant scanning and will be trying a digital denture soon.
The purchase was easy, the product came quickly and the set-up videos guided me through very necessary adjustments to my Laptop I never knew I needed. Learning the new features with each FREE update is a treat. The DIY option was an extra bonus as the $2000 rebate came without having to ask for it. Cad-ray has delivered more than I expected with the purchase of the fantastic Mediti500 scanner.
I've included my cart set up. purchased from Amazon for $68. Its stable, has room for the necessities. I've taken it home and back to the office half a dozen times and it transports the scanner safely. It also keeps the cords from being run over. I haven't taken the included 2 day course but look forward too it after Social Distancing mandates are lifted.read less - 4/25/2020
Purchased the Medit right before the COVID shut down, which gave us time to train on it by watching all the awesome videos CAD-Ray provides. If I couldn’t figure something out, our questions were answered quickly. Now we’re back and using it like cra...read morePurchased the Medit right before the COVID shut down, which gave us time to train on it by watching all the awesome videos CAD-Ray provides. If I couldn’t figure something out, our questions were answered quickly. Now we’re back and using it like crazy. It’s quick, my assistant picked it up quickly and my cases have been coming back perfect. Super happy with the Medit!read less - 6/16/2020
Thomas Lim
5 stars for a great product and great service. After much research I knew I was set on the Medit 500. I considered some of my local equipment reps, as well as cad-ray. Cad-ray won out due to their efficiency, speed of service, and knowledge. Their on...read more5 stars for a great product and great service. After much research I knew I was set on the Medit 500. I considered some of my local equipment reps, as well as cad-ray. Cad-ray won out due to their efficiency, speed of service, and knowledge. Their online presence makes it easy to get help via messaging, social media, or phone. The fact that one of the employees of Medit (an engineer?) posts on the cad-Ray Facebook group speaks volumes of the vendor-mfg relations.
The scanner itself works great, but make sure to contact them to get the minimum specs required for a laptop — it will make a difference in how the scanner performs. I had some slow scans at first but upgraded from 8gb to 32gb ram and also got some coaching from customer service (Frank) to get me up to speed.
To make the scanner mobile, I purchased this cart from Staples: https://www.staples.com/Oklahoma-Sound-Premium-Audio-Visual-Presentation-Cart-40-1-2-H-x-18-W-x-30-D-Black-Ivory-Wood/product_932437.
Lastly, I purchased “3M Dual Lock Fastener” to keep the power module attached to the wand from falling off the cart. I carry the scanner between two offices, so I wanted something sturdy, but removable. (see in photos). The hockey puck shaped holder (comes with the scanner) is heavy and sticks to the countertop without needing any adhesive.read less - 10/12/2019
This is a unique place because it serves both dentists and patients. For patients, this is an imaging center only. There are no diagnostics done here. There is a dentist on staff, but he is only there for imaging purposes, no diagnosis. As a dentist,...read moreThis is a unique place because it serves both dentists and patients. For patients, this is an imaging center only. There are no diagnostics done here. There is a dentist on staff, but he is only there for imaging purposes, no diagnosis. As a dentist, I would say that to be fair a niche place like this couldn't be expected to bill insurances. They would have to hire an entire separate staff to deal with all the thousands of types of insurances you have. For dentists: This is a great service to your patients because if you do not own a 3d x ray machine, you don't have to invest the $200,000.00, you can refer your patients here and cad ray will send you the digital files. You can also send them files to have custom surgical guides made. The folks who work here go out of their way to explain how things work. If you don't have a doctor, they can refer you to a dentist who can diagnose your problems. I always call ahead to make an appointment.read less - 6/02/2018
Andrea Sleep
Thank you guys so much. You guys have the absolute best customer service! - 5/05/2025
Cole Smith
These guys are great. My favorite part about them is they set you up for success with your products. A lot of dental companies will be happy to sell you big ticket tech item but don't have much to set you up for success. I bought the Medit i500 and t...read moreThese guys are great. My favorite part about them is they set you up for success with your products. A lot of dental companies will be happy to sell you big ticket tech item but don't have much to set you up for success. I bought the Medit i500 and they have tons of videos on how to get it working and working well for you in your office. If you need a much of hand holding they have that our if you are like me and like the do it yourself videos they have that. I am sure you can buy these products all over but it is there service that sets them apart. If to are looking to buy some dental tech use these guys!read less - 6/05/2020
Robert Loughlin
I Love it !!! I needed to replace my Omnicam because the computer hardware was old and not able to keep up with the software upgrades. The computer upgrade costs from Sirona were cost-prohibitive (another reason why the Medit is so good) and I wasn...read moreI Love it !!! I needed to replace my Omnicam because the computer hardware was old and not able to keep up with the software upgrades. The computer upgrade costs from Sirona were cost-prohibitive (another reason why the Medit is so good) and I wasn't about to make the same mistake twice and replace it with another system from Sirona. I was a bit unsure about making a big switch but after speaking with Nick Statly at Cad-Ray, he eliminated all of my reservations and I ordered it. I've used it for the past week and love it. Setting it up and getting it running was simple. I would not describe this as a do it yourself process, it's much easier. If you can make a cup of coffee you can set the scanner up and start making excellent scans. All one needs to do is watch the very well laid out and easy to follow videos and save a lot of money. The image quality and ease of use hands down beats the Omnicam. Also during the current pandemic, I really feel better about being able to cold sterlize the tips vs the omnicam's just "wiping down." I almost hope my desktop scanner craps out so I can get the Medit desktop. I'm glad I listened to you Nick!!!read less - 6/04/2020
Best support and customer service ever! My scanner is long past warranty and they still answer all my questions. When it's time to upgrade I'll be buying from them again. A friend bought same scanner from another vendor and got zero support. I had to...read moreBest support and customer service ever! My scanner is long past warranty and they still answer all my questions. When it's time to upgrade I'll be buying from them again. A friend bought same scanner from another vendor and got zero support. I had to help them. Told her next time buy from Cad Rayread less - 5/10/2024
Ernesto Carmona
When I decided to purchase a digital scanner I decided on user experience. They have provided the best experience I could have asked for, from online support, Facebook support, and in person courses. There is no better team to buy Medit from period...read moreWhen I decided to purchase a digital scanner I decided on user experience. They have provided the best experience I could have asked for, from online support, Facebook support, and in person courses. There is no better team to buy Medit from period. Do yourself a favor and buy from them if you are in the market for an intraoral scanner.read less - 6/16/2020
larry bybee
We have been using an intra-oral scanner (not a medit) in our practice for 4 years and it was decided that we needed to purchase another scanner due to practice growth. After a thorough review we decided on the Medit i700. Due to the great team at Me...read moreWe have been using an intra-oral scanner (not a medit) in our practice for 4 years and it was decided that we needed to purchase another scanner due to practice growth. After a thorough review we decided on the Medit i700. Due to the great team at Medit I have learned more about scanning 1 week than i received from the other company in 4 years. i700 great price, great scanner and amazing customer service.read less - 12/23/2021
Lance Timmerman
Implant Planning Services Review I Am VERY experienced with "another system" but thought I would give CAD-Ray a try. At at LEAST 1/3 the fee, why not?
VERY happy. Fit GREAT, surgery was uneventful (the best kind) and I am a believer! This is a great company and great PEOPLE to...read moreI Am VERY experienced with "another system" but thought I would give CAD-Ray a try. At at LEAST 1/3 the fee, why not?
VERY happy. Fit GREAT, surgery was uneventful (the best kind) and I am a believer! This is a great company and great PEOPLE too! 5 stars aren't enough. Just like the Burj Al Arab, this is 7 star!read less - 3/03/2015
Laura
Very helpful and attentive when setting up my new Medit scanner. Seamless process from start to finish - 10/28/2024
Delicate Dentistry
Cad-Ray's support is truly exceptional. While the equipment represents a significant investment, the peace of mind that comes from knowing they stand firmly behind their products is invaluable. Their support team is efficient, professional, and remar...read moreCad-Ray's support is truly exceptional. While the equipment represents a significant investment, the peace of mind that comes from knowing they stand firmly behind their products is invaluable. Their support team is efficient, professional, and remarkably persistent in ensuring everything runs smoothly. I'm especially grateful to Destaney and Laura for their ongoing assistance- their dedication and expertise have made a world of a difference!read less - 5/15/2025
Jacob Rogers
I love this scanner. Seriously, how can you fit so much quality into the scanner, software and support and such a low price? Magic?!?! Probably. But, for real, we really like using this scanner and it produces great results. Best dental purchas...read moreI love this scanner. Seriously, how can you fit so much quality into the scanner, software and support and such a low price? Magic?!?! Probably. But, for real, we really like using this scanner and it produces great results. Best dental purchase I've ever made!read less - 10/09/2019
Absolutely the best customer service I have ever seen. I couldn't be happier with the service received. I won't be going anywhere else!! Thank you again. - 2/01/2022
Matt Reith
Love my Medit! Can’t beat the quality, and the price is even better! Also, great people who are always willing to help! - 6/16/2020
Milton Ruiz
Best customer service I have ever experienced from any company I have worked with! They alway answer the phone and are ready to help with whatever question you may have. Love that I do not have to press 500 buttons to get to a live person. Bought my...read moreBest customer service I have ever experienced from any company I have worked with! They alway answer the phone and are ready to help with whatever question you may have. Love that I do not have to press 500 buttons to get to a live person. Bought my Medit from them and could not be happier with decision!read less - 12/20/2022
JCarlos Mendoza
Had a good experience when purchasing my scanner, it was very easy, and to date after three months of using the scanner no support is a plus, anytime I call me I will answer and troubleshoot - 7/10/2022
Miller Loriaux
Absolutely love dealing with this company. Purchased two intraoral scanners from them over the last 3 years and the support has been beyond exceptional. Frank patiently walked me through all the basics with many a phone call (to his personal cell p...read moreAbsolutely love dealing with this company. Purchased two intraoral scanners from them over the last 3 years and the support has been beyond exceptional. Frank patiently walked me through all the basics with many a phone call (to his personal cell phone, no less) on the first go round. Whenever we've even had a hint of technical difficulty there is ALWAYS a knowledgeable voice on the other end of the line. After 3 years of use a significant issue came up with the scanner and they went above and beyond to get it back up and running. Was so impressed (and I realized how dependent we've become on a scanner) that I purchased another one.Needed some assistance submitting a Valplast RPD design digitally this week. Damien worked me through it in literally 5 minutes and took the time to optimize my graphics card performance while he was there. Top shelf service.Certainly, the first place I go with any dental tech purchase.read less - 6/04/2022
Eric Turner
I bought my Medit from Cad-Ray a little over a year ago. The very few times I've needed any kind of help with it, Cad-Ray has been absolutely ON IT. Issues get completely resolved within minutes. It's great!! - 11/01/2021
Jay Arnold DMD
Loving my Medit i700. My crowns have never fit better, and scanning is SOO easy. I started with cad-ray with the i500. The training and support have been second to none. I upgraded to the i700 shortly after it came out, and recently had a warranty is...read moreLoving my Medit i700. My crowns have never fit better, and scanning is SOO easy. I started with cad-ray with the i500. The training and support have been second to none. I upgraded to the i700 shortly after it came out, and recently had a warranty issue with the new scanner. immediately after calling them with my problem. A new scanner was overnighted to my office, I was very pleased, and had minimal down time.read less - 4/05/2022
michael kim
Great scanner, even better customer support. I text John everyday and he always gets back to me in a timely manner with all my questions. - 7/09/2020
As important as the decision of which scanner to buy (I bought the Medit i500 - why is a separate review) is the decision of who to purchase it from. There is a Medit i500 distributor 5 miles from my office who agreed to lower their price to match C...read moreAs important as the decision of which scanner to buy (I bought the Medit i500 - why is a separate review) is the decision of who to purchase it from. There is a Medit i500 distributor 5 miles from my office who agreed to lower their price to match Cad-Ray. So why did I purchase it from Cad-Ray who is 2000 miles away from my office. Because I did my homework. Because the post purchase training and support offered by Cad-Ray was unmatched by any other dealer I spoke with. Their library of online training videos that came with the purchase is without equal. Bottom Line: I’m glad I purchased the Medit i500 and, with hindsight, I know I made the right choice to purchased it from Cad-Ray!read less - 5/12/2020
Kristian Dietz
My wife and I practice together and bought our first i500 in August of 2018. This was very early on before Armen had a vast number of technique and online support articles in his blog! Little was publicly known at the time about this new scanner bu...read moreMy wife and I practice together and bought our first i500 in August of 2018. This was very early on before Armen had a vast number of technique and online support articles in his blog! Little was publicly known at the time about this new scanner but I felt confident in my purchase for a few reasons: 1) Armen had validated the product and was standing behind it... I knew of Armen from DentalTown and had many years of public posts to evaluate his character; 2) Limited demos available at the time; 3) some clinical accuracy data out of Europe that required zooming in on a powerpoint presentation that was recorded second-hand via camera phone ha! SO needless to say, I put a lot of eggs in the "Armen is standing behind this product" basket. We have NOT been disappointed. From personalized service from both Frank and Armen, to our vast success and joy using the product and deciding in late 2018 to buy a second Medit i500, I have nothing but good things to say about the product and Cad-Ray. What a bunch of self-less individuals. Armen has offered to remote in and I even took him up on the offer once and he remoted in immediately to take a look at something. Good luck getting service like this from ANYONE else in the industry. Cheers to digital dentistry with the RIGHT partner. Kristian C. Dietz, DDSread less - 3/08/2020
Amazing customer service. Wayne Glassoff helped me with purchase decision, taking the time to find out my needs, and then my order was delivered quickly! Easily the best "dental" purchase experience that I have ever had. - 9/07/2022
Stephanie O'Rourke
I am fairly new to scanning with my Medit I700. I am loving this in my business. It has had its challenges at times but the best part is the accessibility and support from Frank DeLuca. He has been instrumental in helping me when I have a patient in...read moreI am fairly new to scanning with my Medit I700. I am loving this in my business. It has had its challenges at times but the best part is the accessibility and support from Frank DeLuca. He has been instrumental in helping me when I have a patient in the chair and need assistance. I couldn't be more grateful for his help. Thanks, Frank!read less - 12/16/2021
Arielle Forbes
Just got my Medit IOS delivered last week and the service from Jon was great! I had a ton of questions before placing the order and he happily answered. This is the type of customer support many dental suppliers are missing. Great company to work wit...read moreJust got my Medit IOS delivered last week and the service from Jon was great! I had a ton of questions before placing the order and he happily answered. This is the type of customer support many dental suppliers are missing. Great company to work with.read less - 6/19/2020
Brian Wilkinson
This company is genuinely amazing. Amazingly good products, but the thing that sets them apart is the support. Frank and Sean have answered any questions I have unbelievably fast. And I LOVE the DOF Craft 5x milling unit. Learning the flow of same da...read moreThis company is genuinely amazing. Amazingly good products, but the thing that sets them apart is the support. Frank and Sean have answered any questions I have unbelievably fast. And I LOVE the DOF Craft 5x milling unit. Learning the flow of same day milling was tricky for me, but they held my hand the whole way. Can’t go wrong here.read less - 1/06/2024
Chirag Vaid
I ordered my Medit scanner from them in Feb 2020, so far no issues with support or the product. They are a great company with great support. Disclosure: they did promise me a scanner tip for this review, but in all honestly I was meaning to give it t...read moreI ordered my Medit scanner from them in Feb 2020, so far no issues with support or the product. They are a great company with great support. Disclosure: they did promise me a scanner tip for this review, but in all honestly I was meaning to give it to them anyway.... if you are looking to buy, this is a great way to go about it.read less - 7/19/2020
Dado Dado
Frank DeLuca has been great since we bought the scanner! Always there for you and returns his calls asap. Thank you Frank! - 1/25/2023
Krupal Chhotu
Finally going digital and Cad-Ray was the place to start. Got the Medit i500 and began scanning right away. Now I am doing digital dentures, making my own surgical stents, etc. The support available is the best. "Frank" is always available! :) - 10/09/2019
Been super happy with service from this company. Very responsive, really passionate about their work. - 7/16/2020
Jennifer Goodale
Fantastic class. Amazing scanner.Cad Ray has been helpful not only with my purchase of the Medit i500, but every step of the way.Level 2 seminar with Armen and Damien was extremely informative, useful and practical! ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ - 8/08/2021
Office NHFD
Frank DeLuca was very helpful even though i didn't buy Medit from Cad ray ! Had an issue and my original dealer was not helpful and i contacted Cad ray thinking it was direct Medit. Frank was extremely nice to log in and do what ever he could until ...read moreFrank DeLuca was very helpful even though i didn't buy Medit from Cad ray ! Had an issue and my original dealer was not helpful and i contacted Cad ray thinking it was direct Medit. Frank was extremely nice to log in and do what ever he could until Medit could take over. would give 7 stars if available.read less - 8/10/2022
Yordanka Ivanova
I had been on the market for a scanner for a while and the i700 is my first intraoral scanner purchase. We are still new to the scanning world and its capabilities. Frank DeLuca was my main contact from the beginning and the person who did our traini...read moreI had been on the market for a scanner for a while and the i700 is my first intraoral scanner purchase. We are still new to the scanning world and its capabilities. Frank DeLuca was my main contact from the beginning and the person who did our training. The scanner is incredible and has surpassed our expectations even though we haven’t used it to its full potential yet. Frank has been amazing and always there to guide us every step of the way. Having such fabulous customer service and support from CAD-Ray was key for us when making this purchase decision. Thank you!read less - 6/23/2022
Mehryar Ebrahimi
Great costumer service. I needed a part for my i700 and they were able to ship overnight. No down time. - 5/06/2022
Samuel Schmidt
I purchased a SprintRay through them. I'm new to the 3D printer realm and they've been great with answering my questions and getting me set up. I've just really have been impressed with the quick responses, its much appreciated, thank you! - 4/20/2022
Steven Cisternas
The future of digital dentistry is here now. Cad-ray provides all the tools needed to make it possible for us to provide digital care to our patients. Thanks Damien and Armen for a great course. - 8/07/2021
Kelly Betts
Customer service has always been top-notch! I personally worked with Wayne Glassoff and he has been super helpful getting our office up and running with 3D printing and has always been a great resource and highly responsive whenever I need anything o...read moreCustomer service has always been top-notch! I personally worked with Wayne Glassoff and he has been super helpful getting our office up and running with 3D printing and has always been a great resource and highly responsive whenever I need anything or have any questions.read less - 9/24/2022
Cody Boseman
Cad-ray has been amazing, not to mention they have an amazing product in the medit i500. Their training is great, customer service is quick and thorough, and follow up is consistent. I highly recommend using cad-ray for anything that you may need. - 6/19/2020
Ashley Guarisco
Cad-Ray's customer service has been amazing since day one! From getting a quote to setting everything up and doing my first scan. Everyone has been super helpful! Heather Gramley has been awesome, it's like having a tech in my back pocket! They offer...read moreCad-Ray's customer service has been amazing since day one! From getting a quote to setting everything up and doing my first scan. Everyone has been super helpful! Heather Gramley has been awesome, it's like having a tech in my back pocket! They offer tons of training videos and offer one on one training. I would 10/10 recommend them for all of your scanning needs!read less - 11/21/2022
Gunther Heyder
Fantastic Scanner. Has changed the way I practice dentistry. Opens up more time in my schedule and opens up new methods to allow for more consistent, satisfactory results. Customer service is fantastic. Feels like friends are on the other side of the...read moreFantastic Scanner. Has changed the way I practice dentistry. Opens up more time in my schedule and opens up new methods to allow for more consistent, satisfactory results. Customer service is fantastic. Feels like friends are on the other side of the phone. Good work CAD-Ray!read less - 12/08/2021
Shant Aharonian
Cad-ray has to be the best company to work with when it comes to digital dentistry solutions. Here are the reasons why: 1. Experience. Everyone in the company has extensive experience in dentistry. They have used all digital platforms and offer custo...read moreCad-ray has to be the best company to work with when it comes to digital dentistry solutions. Here are the reasons why: 1. Experience. Everyone in the company has extensive experience in dentistry. They have used all digital platforms and offer customers first hand experience. 2. Honesty. Based on their experience they share all the good/bad of different systems. They work with you to find a solution that works best for you. Not sell you the piece of the equipment that gives them the biggest commission. 3. Support. Cad-ray offers the missing piece of the dentist/digital manufacturer puzzle. Many other distributors sell you a piece of equipment but don’t have true day-to-day experience with that equipment. Cad-ray’s team openly share their expertise to help customers optimize their workflows with great technology. 4. Passionate. The Cad-ray team is extremely passionate about their craft. They truly believe in what they have to offer. I took Armen Mirzayan’s course on intraoral scanning and it was truly mind blowing. Armen’s insights will help any dentist optimize their craft. I purchased the full sprintray 3d printing ecosystem the help of Frank. I plan to purchase more equipment from cad-ray. Also, Jesse is a genius in regards to all aspect of digital workflows. I’m truly grateful for this company and everyone who I’ve worked with so far.read less - 10/07/2022
Brandon Erickson
I have strong feelings about how great CAD-Ray has been. I purchased a medit i500 scanner from my lap, they wanted to use it for courses which aren't happening now so he didn't want to be sitting with this expensive piece of technology sitting aroun...read moreI have strong feelings about how great CAD-Ray has been. I purchased a medit i500 scanner from my lap, they wanted to use it for courses which aren't happening now so he didn't want to be sitting with this expensive piece of technology sitting around. Before purchasing he and I both talked to the Nobel sales rep who assured me that everything would transfer over just fine. I was concerned about the learning curve and wanted to be sure that I would have tech support. I asked the rep directly and he assured me again that everything would be great and he would come do an in-depth training with me. Long story short, the sales rep had no clue what he was doing and put very little effort in to helping me once the purchase was complete. I asked him over the phone how to do a few things and his response was to call CAD-Ray. They explained that this happens, they would love to help me but asked that I purchase the service package. That was a game changer. Now all of my questions getting answered, their response time is amazing and their understanding of the machine is by far better then the Nobel reps. The scanner is great but combine that with their tech support and I feel like I'm set up for success. If I were to do this again, I would skip the headache of trying to save a little bit of money and purchase it through CAD-Ray. But even with making the mistake, I feel like they have programs and support set up to point me in the right direction.read less - 10/15/2020